Exporting food to the United States – Things to keep in mind
The US food market is one of the largest and most stringent markets globally. For global businesses to export food to this market, they need to be well-versed in the strict regulations and standards set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this article on Exporting food to the United States – Things to keep in mind, let’s explore the key considerations when exporting food to the US market.
1. Foods exported to the United States
The United States imported approximately USD 148 billion worth of agricultural products in 2020, and according to the USDA, this figure increased to USD 194 billion in 2022.
About 50% of the total agricultural imports of the United States consist of gardening products such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, etc. Other major imported items include sugar and tropical products, meat, cereals, and oilseeds.
Against this backdrop, we break down each category and highlight five types of food with significant import value from a major source.
1.1 Fruit and vegetable
The United States has witnessed a steady increase in fruit and vegetable imports since 2000. In fact, from 2011 to 2021, imported fruits and various seeds accounted for 44% of domestic consumption, while 35% of vegetables consumed in the U.S. were sourced internationally.
| Fruit or Vegetable | Largest Exporting Country | U.S. Import Value (2020) |
| Tomato | Mexico | $2.5B |
| Avocado | Mexico | $2.1B |
| Pepper | Mexico | $1.4B |
| Banana | Guatemala | $1.0B |
| Strawberry | Mexico | $897M |
1.2 Meat Imports
The United States stands as the world’s largest consumer of beef, with an average consumption of nearly 37.9 kg (84 lbs) per person annually, making it the third-highest per capita beef consumer.
Despite being one of the leading producers of beef, the U.S. still imports a substantial amount.
| Meat | Largest Exporting Country | U.S. Import Value (2020) |
| Bovine Cuts | Canada | $1.4B |
| Bovine Cuts, Frozen | New Zealand | $839M |
| Sheep Meat | Australia | $643M |
| Swine Hams, Shoulders, and Cuts | Canada | $559M |
| Bovine Cuts, Bone In | Mexico | $449M |
1.3 Seafood Imports
Despite its extensive coastlines, the United States imports 70–85% of its total seafood, contributing to 15% of the global seafood imports in 2020, valued at USD 21.8 billion.
| Fish and Seafood | Largest Exporting Country | U.S. Import Value (2020) |
| Shrimp and Prawns, Frozen | India | $1.9B |
| Fish Fillet or Meat | Chile | $1.4B |
| Fish Fillet or Meat, Frozen | China | $884M |
| Lobsters | Canada | $764M |
| Crabs, Frozen | Canada | $719M |
Frozen shrimp takes the lead as the top imported seafood item, with a value of USD 1.9 billion, primarily sourced from India.
1.4 Oil, Grains, Coffee, etc.
There’s a diverse array of food and agricultural products that the United States relies on from other countries. Here are some of the top food items with major sources of origin for the U.S. across various categories:
| Food | Category | Largest Exporting Country |
| Canola Oil, Refined | Oils | Canada |
| Coffee, Not Roasted | Stimulants/Spices | Colombia |
| Cashews, Shelled | Nuts/Seeds/Beans | Vietnam |
| Raw Sugar, Refined | Sweeteners | Mexico |
| Rice | Cereals | Thailand |
2. The Irresistible Opportunity of the US Food Market
The US food and beverage market stands as the largest globally, with its value reaching trillions of dollars presently. American consumers exhibit diverse culinary preferences, mirroring the country’s inherent diversity. This vast market presents opportunities for various products, ranging from essential commodities to innovative consumer packaged goods (CPG). If you possess a quality product, there exists a substantial market eager to be explored in the US.
However, hold on a moment. Regardless of how enticing your product may be, failure to navigate the import process correctly means consumers in the US won’t even have the chance to experience your offering. Hence, it’s crucial to begin by comprehending the regulations and procedures required for entering the US market.
3. Regulations When Exporting Food to the United States
Businesses exporting food to the United States need to comply with and understand the following procedures and requirements:
3.1 Adherence to Regulations for Each Food Group/Type
In general, most food products must meet regulations regarding product labeling, additives, and colors. However, each type of food must comply with specific regulations for its respective category, such as beverages, sugar and confectionery, canned foods, and dairy products. For instance, food processing establishments for canned foods and low-acid foods must register a Food Canning Establishment (FCE) number and submit a process filing for each product (SID). Manufacturers should be familiar with these regulations and seek advice from FDA compliance experts like GOL to ensure compliance with FDA regulations.
3.2 Prior Notice Requirement for Exporting to the U.S.
The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (Bioterrorism Act) directs the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to take additional steps to protect the public from a threatened or actual terrorist attack on the U.S. food supply and other emergencies related to food.
In accordance with this, the food FDA mandates that food exporters/importers, including those for animal food, must provide prior notice to the FDA when importing into the U.S. Prior notice must be filed 15 days prior to shipment arrival. Failure to file may result in delays or penalties at customs clearance. For reliable support in navigating these requirements, companies can contact GOL, where expertise and efficiency converge to ensure seamless advance notice filings.
3.3 Import Seafood Safety Program (Applicable to Seafood Products Exported to the U.S.)
The FDA is responsible for the safety of seafood and seafood products imported into the U.S. Seafood imported into the U.S. undergoes FDA oversight. Therefore, seafood facilities exporting to the U.S. need to adhere to FDA regulations and be aware of the agency’s monitoring tools specific to seafood.
This program ensures that seafood products meet U.S. safety standards, and compliance with these regulations is crucial for successful importation into the U.S. It includes inspections, sampling, and other measures to verify the safety and quality of imported seafood.
3.4 HACCP
HACCP is a management system where food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement, and processing to manufacturing, distribution, and consumption of the finished product.
The FDA issues guidelines and different HACCP requirements for various food groups such as dairy products, seafood, fruit juices, etc. Businesses need to stay updated on the latest FDA guidelines to ensure compliance with the agency’s most recent regulations. For example, in September 2019, the FDA released the latest guidance (4th edition) for seafood and seafood products, including provisions for implementing preventive controls under the Food Safety Modernization Act.
3.5 FSVP Importer
To ensure the safety of imported food, the FDA has established the Foreign Supplier Verification Programs (FSVP) rule. This rule applies to all importers of food for human or animal consumption, and it requires them to verify that their foreign suppliers meet FDA safety standards. This includes ensuring that food is produced using safe processes, is not adulterated, and is properly labeled.
Even companies exporting food directly to consumers, such as through e-commerce, must comply with FSVP rules. To fulfill these requirements, they can work with an FSVP agent, like GOL, who can act as their importer of record and take on the responsibilities of FSVP compliance on their behalf.
Staying informed about FSVP regulations and enlisting the support of an FSVP agent helps businesses navigate the complexities of food importation into the U.S., ensuring both regulatory compliance and the safety of imported food products. Businesses exporting food to the U.S. are encouraged to consult with experts like GOL to facilitate seamless FSVP compliance.
4. Specific Regulations Based on Type of Food
As the saying goes, “the devil is in the details.” Different food categories come with their own specific requirements. Here’s an overview of some categories where our experts have encountered challenges:
- Fruits and Vegetables: Bringing in juicy mangos or crunchy carrots? Remember the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), which requires an additional permit. Check the Fruits and Vegetables Import Requirements (FAVIR) database for allowed items.
- Dairy Products: For creamy delights, there are extra steps. Some items like milk or heavy cream require a special milk import permit from the FDA. The USDA might also have its own requirements based on the country of origin.
- Meat, Poultry, and Eggs: Let’s talk protein. Importing meat, poultry, or eggs? The USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has guidelines to ensure these products meet domestic standards. Their importer checklist is a valuable tool.
- Seafood: Seafood enthusiasts should refer to the FDA Imported Seafood Safety Program. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) requires a completed Form 3-177. Upon arrival, seafood undergoes inspection by CBP and FWS agents.
5. 4 Tips for Exporting Food Products to the USA
The United States, with its vast consumer base and diverse palates, presents a golden opportunity for food exporters. But navigating the intricate web of regulations and requirements can be daunting. Worry not, intrepid entrepreneur, for here are 4 tips to guide you on your American food export adventure:
5.1. Know the Regulatory Landscape
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reigns supreme in the realm of food safety. Familiarize yourself with the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) and specific regulations for your product category. Different agencies oversee meat, poultry, and dairy, so ensure you’re knocking on the right door. Remember, ignorance is not bliss – thorough research can prevent costly delays and rejections.
5.2. Secure the Necessary Permits and Registrations
Depending on your product, you might need permits for things like acidified canned foods, infant formula, or juice. Register your facility with the FDA and appoint a U.S. agent to handle communication and product recalls. Obtaining the required documentation might seem like a paperwork marathon, but it’s a crucial step towards a smooth entry into the US market.
5.3. Label Like a Pro
U.S. food labeling regulations are detailed and specific. Ensure your labels clearly state the product name, net quantity, ingredients list (highlighting allergens!), nutritional information, and manufacturer details. Remember, bilingual labeling is always appreciated by the diverse American consumer.
5.4. Partner with the Right People
Building relationships with experienced U.S. importers, distributors, and logistics providers is invaluable. They can navigate the nuances of the market, handle customs clearance, and ensure your product reaches the right shelves. Consider attending trade shows or contacting relevant industry associations to find trustworthy partners.
Embrace innovation and cater to evolving consumer trends. Organic, healthy, and ethnic foods are booming in the U.S. market. Adapting your product lineup or packaging to cater to these preferences can give you a distinct edge.
Remember, exporting food to the USA might seem like a tall order, but with careful planning, proper compliance, and strategic partnerships, you can turn this challenge into a delicious success story. So, buckle up, arm yourself with these tips, and get ready to conquer the American food market!I hope these tips equip you for your export journey. Should you have further questions or require specific details on regulations or permits, feel free to contact us here.
Exporting Food from the U.S with GOL
Our FDA registration service for food is tailored to support businesses in exporting food products to the United States effortlessly. With our extensive expertise and in-depth knowledge of FDA regulations, we guarantee that your products meet all essential requirements for entry into the US market. Our streamlined process simplifies FDA registration, saving you time and ensuring compliance with US regulations. Trust GOL to guide your entry into the US food market with ease and confidence.
Related articles:
